![]() First, it is difficult to capture clear and reliable images of the burden surface because of the high levels of temperature, pressure, and dust in the enclosed environment. The harsh environment inside BFs significantly impedes 3D measurement of the burden surface shape. The BF-based ironmaking process involves batching iron ore, coke, and auxiliary materials in a specific proportion, and then blowing hot air into the reactor to facilitate burning of the coke underneath. ![]() However, a BF is a large-scale enclosed reactor, and its operating conditions are characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, and high dust levels. A good burden surface shape can improve gas flow distribution, reduce coke rations, and increase ironmaking efficiency. Consequently, BF condition and detection of material layer distribution information are key factors for saving energy and reducing emissions. The blast furnace (BF)-based ironmaking process accounts for more than 70% of carbon emissions, and BFs are primarily responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by steel production. The results of an industrial experiment illustrate that the proposed method can measure the 3D shape of the entire burden surface and provide reliable burden surface shape information for BF control. Finally, a 3D shape burden surface reconstruction method based on a virtual multi-head camera array is proposed for capturing the real-time 3D shape of the burden surface in an operational BF. Third, to extract depth information, a multifeature-based depth key frame classifier is designed to filter out images with high levels of clarity and displacement. Second, a novel micro-pixel luminance polarization method is proposed and applied to compensate for the heavy noise in the backlit images due to high dust levels and poor light in the enclosed environment. ![]() First, images of the original burden surface are captured using a purpose-built industrial endoscope. To solve this problem, a real-time 3D measurement system is developed in this study by combining an industrial endoscope with a virtual multi-head camera array 3D reconstruction method. However, it is difficult to perform 3D shape measurement of the burden surface in real-time during the ironmaking process because of the high-temperature, high-dust, and lightless enclosed environment inside the BF. Capturing the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the burden surface of a blast furnace (BF) in real-time with high accuracy is crucial for improving gas flow distribution, optimizing coke operation, and stabilizing BF operation.
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